在 Windows OS 上开发 GNU/Linux 软件时, WSL 2 常为不二之选.

但是, WSL 2 上开箱即用的 GNU/Linux 发行版, 几乎只有 Ubuntu. 想要在 WSL 2 上使用 Arch Linux, 配置较为麻烦.

本教程将帮助您在 WSL 2 上安装并配置 Arch Linux.

0 准备工作

WSL 2 的硬件需求及启用方法在此处不多赘述, 请自行查阅.

启用后, 在 Windows Terminal (管理员权限) 中执行以下命令:

wsl --update
wsl --update --pre-release

接着, 在当前的 Windows OS 用户目录下创建文件.wslconfig, 在文件中添加以下内容:

[wsl2]
ipv6=true
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true
defaultVhdSize=137438953472
[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual
bestEffortDnsParsing=true
useWindowsDnsCache=true

然后, 在 Microsoft Store 中搜索Arch WSL, 点击下图中所示的软件 (一般为第1个):

按照正常流程安装, 打开, 创建账户.

1 修改 root 用户密码

通过sudo passwd root修改root用户密码.

2 配置 GNU Nano 文本编辑器

打开/etc/nanorc, 在末尾追加:

bind ^X cut main
bind ^C copy main
bind ^V paste all
bind ^Q exit all
bind ^S savefile main
bind ^W writeout main
bind ^O insert main
bind ^H help all
bind ^H exit help
bind ^F whereis all
bind ^G findnext all
bind ^B wherewas all
bind ^D findprevious all
bind ^R replace main
unbind ^U all
unbind ^N main
unbind ^Y all
unbind M-J main
unbind M-T main
bind ^A mark main
bind ^P location main
bind ^T gotoline main
bind ^T gotodir browser
bind ^T cutrestoffile execute
bind ^L linter execute
bind ^E execute main
bind ^K "{mark}{end}{zap}" main
bind ^U "{mark}{home}{zap}" main
bind ^Z undo main
bind ^Y redo main
set tabsize 4
set autoindent
set noconvert
set smarthome
set tabstospaces
set mouse
set linenumbers
set casesensitive
set multibuffer
set nonewlines
set magic
set softwrap
set wordbounds
set constantshow
include /usr/share/nano/*.*

3 配置包管理器

打开/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist, 在顶部添加:

Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

打开/etc/pacman.conf, 找到:

#UseSyslog
#Color
NoProgressBar

换成:

UseSyslog
Color
#NoProgressBar

然后找到这一行:

ParallelDownloads = 5

将后面的5修改成你想要同时下载的软件包的数量.

接着把后面的软件源全部删掉, 换成下面的:

[testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
[blackarch]
SigLevel = Never
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/blackarch/$repo/os/$arch

执行以命令:

sudo pacman-key --init
sudo pacman-key --lsign-key 'farseerfc@archlinux.org'
sudo pacman -Sy archlinuxcn-keyring blackarch-keyring --noconfirm

执行以下命令安装 yay 稳定版 (安装开发版把yay改为yay-git):

sudo pacman -S yay

如果您愿意的话, 也可以试试 paru, 可以参考这篇教程.

4 汉化

打开/etc/locale.gen, 找到:

#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8

#zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

将前面的#去掉.

打开/etc/locale.conf, 将所有文本替换为:

LANG=en_US.UTF-8

打开/etc/profile, 在末尾追加:

export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN:en_US

然后执行以下命令:

sudo pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts wqy-microhei wqy-microhei-lite ttf-hannom wqy-zenhei wqy-bitmapfont ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming ttf-hannom noto-fonts opendesktop-fonts noto-fonts-emoji --noconfirm
sudo locale-gen

5 解决 WSLg 及 Systemd 问题

执行:

echo '# Type Path           Mode UID  GID  Age Argument
L+     /tmp/.X11-unix -    -    -    -   /mnt/wslg/.X11-unix' | sudo tee /etc/tmpfiles.d/wslg.conf

如果 Systemd 没有启动, 可以试试:

echo '[boot]
systemd=true' | sudo tee /etc/wsl.conf

6 善后工作及后续使用注意事项

执行以下命令:

sudo pacman -Syyu base base-devel git zip unzip net-tools tree python wget btop fastfetch --needed --noconfirm
sudo pacman -Rcns $(pacman -Qtdq) --noconfirm
sudo pacman -Scc --noconfirm
sudo rm -rf /tmp/*
for i in {font,ICE,X11,XIM}; do sudo rm -rf /tmp/.${i}-unix; done
for i in {cache,log,tmp}; do sudo rm -rf /var/${i}/*; done