在 Windows OS 上开发 GNU/Linux 软件时,WSL 2 常为不二之选。但是,WSL 2 上开箱即用的 GNU/Linux 发行版,几乎只有 Ubuntu。想要在 WSL 2 上使用 Arch Linux,配置较为麻烦。本教程将帮助您在 WSL 2 上安装并配置 Arch Linux。
Note
如果您觉得手动操作有些麻烦,您可以试试博主写的自动配置脚本。但还是建议看看教程。
Important
适用于 Windows 11 22H2 及以上版本,其以下的版本可能会出现各种问题。
0 准备工作
WSL 2 的硬件需求及启用方法在此处不多赘述,请自行查阅。
Note
如果您有安装 VMware Workstation Pro 等寄居型虚拟机,推荐改用 Microsoft Hyper-V。否则其运行的虚拟机性能可能会受到影响。
启用后,在 Windows Terminal(管理员权限)中执行以下命令:
wsl --update
wsl --update --pre-release
接着,在当前的 Windows OS 用户目录下创建文件 .wslconfig
,在文件中添加以下内容:
[wsl2]
ipv6=true
networkingMode=mirrored
dnsTunneling=true
firewall=true
autoProxy=true
defaultVhdSize=137438953472
[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=gradual
bestEffortDnsParsing=true
useWindowsDnsCache=true
然后,在 Microsoft Store 中搜索 Arch WSL
,点击下图中所示的软件(一般为第1个):
按照正常流程安装、打开、创建账户。
1 修改 root 用户密码
通过 sudo passwd root
修改 root
用户密码。
2 配置 GNU Nano 文本编辑器
打开 /etc/nanorc
,在末尾追加:
bind ^X cut main
bind ^C copy main
bind ^V paste all
bind ^Q exit all
bind ^S savefile main
bind ^W writeout main
bind ^O insert main
bind ^H help all
bind ^H exit help
bind ^F whereis all
bind ^G findnext all
bind ^B wherewas all
bind ^D findprevious all
bind ^R replace main
unbind ^U all
unbind ^N main
unbind ^Y all
unbind M-J main
unbind M-T main
bind ^A mark main
bind ^P location main
bind ^T gotoline main
bind ^T gotodir browser
bind ^T cutrestoffile execute
bind ^L linter execute
bind ^E execute main
bind ^K "{mark}{end}{zap}" main
bind ^U "{mark}{home}{zap}" main
bind ^Z undo main
bind ^Y redo main
set tabsize 4
set autoindent
set noconvert
set smarthome
set tabstospaces
set mouse
set linenumbers
set casesensitive
set multibuffer
set nonewlines
set magic
set softwrap
set wordbounds
set constantshow
include /usr/share/nano/*.*
3 配置包管理器
打开 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
,在顶部添加:
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
打开 /etc/pacman.conf
,找到:
#UseSyslog
#Color
NoProgressBar
换成:
UseSyslog
Color
#NoProgressBar
然后找到这一行:
ParallelDownloads = 5
将后面的 5
修改成您想要同时下载的软件包的数量。
接着把后面的软件源全部删掉,换成下面的:
[testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[core]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[extra]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[community]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib-testing]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib-staging]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[archlinuxcn]
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
[blackarch]
SigLevel = Never
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/blackarch/$repo/os/$arch
执行以下命令:
sudo pacman-key --init
sudo pacman-key --lsign-key 'farseerfc@archlinux.org'
sudo pacman -Sy archlinuxcn-keyring blackarch-keyring --noconfirm
执行以下命令安装 yay 稳定版(安装开发版把 yay
改为 yay-git
):
sudo pacman -S yay
如果您愿意的话,也可以试试 paru,可以参考这篇教程。
4 汉化
打开 /etc/locale.gen
,找到:
#en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8
#zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8
将前面的 #
去掉。
打开 /etc/locale.conf
,将所有文本替换为:
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
打开 /etc/profile
,在末尾追加:
export LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
export LANGUAGE=zh_CN:en_US
然后执行以下命令:
sudo pacman -S adobe-source-han-sans-cn-fonts adobe-source-han-serif-cn-fonts wqy-microhei wqy-microhei-lite ttf-hannom wqy-zenhei wqy-bitmapfont ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming ttf-hannom noto-fonts opendesktop-fonts noto-fonts-emoji --noconfirm
sudo locale-gen
5 解决 WSLg 及 Systemd 问题
执行:
echo '# Type Path Mode UID GID Age Argument
L+ /tmp/.X11-unix - - - - /mnt/wslg/.X11-unix' | sudo tee /etc/tmpfiles.d/wslg.conf
如果 Systemd 没有启动,可以试试:
echo '[boot]
systemd=true' | sudo tee /etc/wsl.conf
6 善后工作及后续使用注意事项
执行以下命令:
sudo pacman -Syyu base base-devel git zip unzip net-tools tree python wget btop fastfetch --needed --noconfirm
sudo pacman -Rcns $(pacman -Qtdq) --noconfirm
sudo pacman -Scc --noconfirm
sudo rm -rf /tmp/*
for i in {font,ICE,X11,XIM}; do sudo rm -rf /tmp/.${i}-unix; done
for i in {cache,log,tmp}; do sudo rm -rf /var/${i}/*; done
Important
如果后续安装软件包缺少依赖,可以临时注释掉 /etc/pacman.conf
中所有后缀为 testing
或 staging
的软件源,完成后使用 sudo pacman -Syyu
更新依赖即可。